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Nepafenac is a pharmaceutical substance that is primarily used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is commonly prescribed for the treatment of pain and inflammation in the eye after cataract surgery. Nepafenac is chemically known as 2-amino-3-benzoylbenzeneacetamide and is represented by its CAS number 78281-72-8. It is a prodrug, meaning it is converted into its active form, amfenac, in the eye. Amfenac works by inhibiting the production of inflammatory enzymes called cyclooxygenases, thereby reducing swelling and pain. As an ophthalmic solution, nepafenac is typically administered as eye drops. It is usually recommended to instill one drop into the affected eye(s) three times a day, starting one day prior to cataract surgery and continuing for two weeks after surgery. Common side effects of nepafenac may include temporary eye discomfort, blurred vision, itching, redness, and a feeling of something being in the eye. Serious side effects such as eye infections or allergic reactions are ra -
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Dimethyl fumarate is a pharmaceutical substance that is classified as an immunomodulatory agent. Its chemical name is dimethyl (2E)-but-2-enedioate, and its CAS number is 624-49-7. Dimethyl fumarate is commonly used as an oral treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). It works by reducing inflammation and preventing damage to the myelin sheath, which is the protective covering of nerve fibers. By modulating the immune system, dimethyl fumarate helps to decrease the frequency and severity of MS relapses. In addition to its immunomodulatory properties, dimethyl fumarate is also known for its antioxidant effects. It can scavenge reactive oxygen species, which are harmful molecules that can cause cellular damage. This antioxidant activity may contribute to the neuroprotective benefits of dimethyl fumarate in MS treatment. Dimethyl fumarate is typically prescribed in the form of delayed-release capsules. The recommended dosage varies depending on the specific condition being treated, and it is usually taken twice -
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Prednisolone is a synthetic corticosteroid pharmaceutical substance commonly used as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drug. It is a white, crystalline powder with the molecular formula C21H28O5. Prednisolone has a systematic name, 11beta,17,21-trihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, and is also known by its chemical name, 11beta,17,21-trihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione. Its CAS number is 50-24-8. This pharmaceutical substance is mainly used to treat various conditions such as allergies, asthma, autoimmune diseases, and certain types of cancers. It works by suppressing the immune system and reducing inflammation in the body. Prednisolone may be administered orally, topically, or through injections, depending on the condition being treated. It is important to note that prednisolone should be used with caution and under the supervision of a healthcare professional due to its potential side effects, such as increased susceptibility to infections, osteoporosis, weight gain, and mood changes. The do -
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Apremilast is a pharmaceutical substance with the chemical name N-[2-[1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1,3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl]acetamide. Its CAS number is 608141-41-9. Apremilast is a small molecule inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), an enzyme that plays a role in the regulation of inflammation. It is primarily used as a treatment for certain autoimmune diseases, such as psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. The substance works by inhibiting the production of certain pro-inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and interleukin-23 (IL-23). By reducing the levels of these mediators, it helps to suppress the autoimmune response and alleviate symptoms associated with chronic inflammation. Apremilast is available in oral tablet form and is usually taken once or twice daily, as prescribed by a healthcare professional. It may take several weeks for the full therapeutic effects to be observed. As with any medication, apremilast may caus -
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Propyphenazone, also known as phenazon, is a pharmaceutical substance commonly used as an analgesic and antipyretic medication. Its CAS number is 479-92-5. It belongs to the class of pyrazolone derivatives and is often used to relieve pain associated with headaches, dental pain, and musculoskeletal conditions. Additionally, it can help reduce fever by acting on the hypothalamus, which controls body temperature. Propyphenazone works by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are chemical mediators involved in the transmission of pain signals and the regulation of body temperature. By reducing the production of these inflammatory substances, it helps alleviate pain and fever. This pharmaceutical substance is available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and injections, and is often used in combination with other analgesics and antipyretics. It is typically administered orally, but injections may be used in severe cases. Although propyphenazone is generally considered safe when used as d -
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ROFLUMILAST is a pharmaceutical substance that belongs to the class of selective phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors. It is primarily used as an anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The chemical name for ROFLUMILAST is 3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-N-(3,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl)-4-(difluoromethoxy)benzamide. The CAS number for ROFLUMILAST is 162401-32-3. It was developed and is marketed under the brand name Daliresp by AstraZeneca. ROFLUMILAST works by inhibiting the enzyme PDE4, which is responsible for the degradation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in lung cells. By inhibiting PDE4, ROFLUMILAST increases the levels of cAMP, which reduces inflammation and enhances bronchodilation in patients with COPD. ROFLUMILAST is available in oral tablet form and is typically prescribed as a maintenance treatment for severe COPD associated with chronic bronchitis. It is not recommended for the treatment of acute exacerbations of COPD or asthma. Common side effects -
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Meclofenamic acid is a pharmaceutical substance with the chemical name 2-(2,6-dichloroanilino)-3-methylbenzoic acid. It is commonly used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. CAS number: 644-62-2 -
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FLUOROMETHOLONE is a pharmaceutical substance used in the form of eye drops or ointment for the treatment of various eye conditions. It is a synthetic fluorinated corticosteroid that has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. Its CAS number is 426-13-1. FLUOROMETHOLONE works by reducing inflammation and swelling in the eyes, thereby relieving symptoms such as redness, itching, and discomfort. It is commonly prescribed for conditions such as conjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis, uveitis, and keratitis. However, it is important to use FLUOROMETHOLONE as directed and under the supervision of a healthcare professional to avoid possible side effects and complications. -
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APABETALONE, also known as RVX-208, is a pharmaceutical substance that has been developed for the treatment of various cardiovascular conditions. Its chemical name is 4-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-, 2H-thieno(3,2-b)pyridin-7-yl)butanoic acid. The CAS number for APABETALONE is 1044870-39-4. It works by modulating certain genes involved in lipid metabolism, resulting in the increase of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. APABETALONE has shown potential in clinical trials for its ability to reduce atherosclerosis and improve cardiovascular outcomes. It has also demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects and has been investigated as a potential treatment for other inflammatory disorders. Further research and clinical trials are necessary to fully understand the safety and efficacy of APABETALONE in different patient populations and indications. -
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Cyclosporine is a pharmaceutical substance that is also known by its generic name, ciclosporin. Its chemical name is (E)-cyclo[(2S,3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-(methylamino)-6-octenoyl]-L-2-aminobutanoyl-N-methylglycine. The CAS number for cyclosporine is 59865-13-3. Cyclosporine is primarily used as an immunosuppressant drug. It works by suppressing the immune system to prevent rejection of transplanted organs. It is commonly prescribed to organ transplant patients to help prevent their bodies from rejecting the new organ. Additionally, cyclosporine is used to treat certain autoimmune disorders like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and a severe form of dry eye disease called keratoconjunctivitis sicca. In these conditions, cyclosporine helps to reduce inflammation and improve symptoms. Cyclosporine is available in various forms such as capsules, oral solution, and injection, depending on the specific treatment requirements. It is typically administered under the supervision of a healthcare professional due -
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CRISABOROLE is a pharmaceutical substance with the CAS number 906673-24-3. It is an ointment that is used topically for the treatment of mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis (eczema) in patients aged 2 years and older. CRISABOROLE belongs to a class of medications called phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors. It works by inhibiting the enzyme PDE4, which reduces inflammation and itching associated with atopic dermatitis. This drug is believed to have both anti-inflammatory and anti-itch properties. The ointment is typically applied directly to the affected skin twice daily. It is important to follow the instructions provided by a healthcare professional and to avoid using this medication on broken or infected skin. Common side effects of CRISABOROLE may include burning or stinging sensation at the application site, as well as skin redness or irritation. As with any medication, it is important to consult a healthcare professional before using CRISABOROLE to determine if it is suitable for individual circumsta -
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Product Name: Piperaquine CAS Number: 4085-31-8 Piperaquine is a pharmaceutical substance that belongs to the class of antimalarial agents. It is used in the treatment and prevention of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. It exhibits potent antimalarial activity and is commonly administered in combination with other antimalarial drugs, such as artemisinin derivatives, to prevent the development of drug resistance. Chemically, piperaquine is known as 1,3-bis(4-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)propane. It has a molecular formula of C29H32Cl2N6 with a molecular weight of 549.51 g/mol. Piperaquine acts by primarily inhibiting the growth and replication of the malaria-causing parasites within the red blood cells. Piperaquine is available in various formulations, including tablets and oral liquid preparations, for convenient administration. The recommended dosage of piperaquine may vary depending on the age, weight, and severity of the malaria infection. However, it is typically ad -
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Cycloguanil pamoate is a pharmaceutical substance that belongs to the class of antimalarial drugs. Its chemical name is 4,6-diamino-N-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine pamoate. The CAS number of Cycloguanil pamoate is 609-78-9. Cycloguanil pamoate is used in the treatment and prevention of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, a parasite transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes. It works by inhibiting the replication of the parasite, ultimately reducing the symptoms and preventing further transmission of the disease. This pharmaceutical substance is typically administered orally or intravenously. Common side effects may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and dizziness. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and complete the entire course of treatment to ensure effectiveness. Overall, Cycloguanil pamoate is an essential component in the fight against malaria, a life-threatening disease that impacts millions of people worldwide. -
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Amodiaquine, also known by its CAS number 86-42-0, is a pharmaceutical substance used for the treatment of malaria. It belongs to the class of antimalarial drugs and is commonly used in combination with other medications to increase its effectiveness. Amodiaquine works by interfering with the growth and replication of the malaria parasite, thus helping to eliminate the infection from the body. It is available in various forms such as tablets, capsules, and syrups for oral administration. Amodiaquine is a crucial component in the global efforts to combat malaria, particularly in regions where the disease is prevalent. -
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Artenimol, also known as dihydroartemisinin (CAS number: 71939-50-9), is a pharmaceutical substance used in the treatment of malaria. It is derived from the Chinese herb Artemisia annua and belongs to the artemisinin class of antimalarial agents. Artenimol acts by rapidly killing the malaria parasites in the blood, making it highly effective in the treatment of both uncomplicated and severe cases of malaria. Its mechanism of action involves the production of reactive oxygen species, which cause oxidative stress and damage to the parasite's cell structures. Artenimol is typically administered in combination with other antimalarial drugs to prevent the development of drug resistance. -
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Name: Quinine CAS Number: 130-95-0 Description: Quinine is a pharmaceutical substance that is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is a white crystalline substance with a bitter taste. Quinine possesses antimalarial properties and is primarily used in the treatment and prevention of malaria. It is known for its ability to kill the malaria parasite in the bloodstream, thereby providing relief from the symptoms of the disease. Quinine works by interfering with the parasite's ability to break down hemoglobin, which is vital for its survival. As a result, the parasite is unable to replicate and infect new red blood cells. In addition to its antimalarial properties, quinine also possesses antipyretic (fever-reducing) and analgesic (pain-relieving) properties. Quinine is available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, oral solutions, and injections. The dosage and administration of quinine depend on the severity of the malaria infection and the patient's age and weight. Although effective ag -
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Quinine sulfate is a pharmaceutical substance used primarily as an antimalarial agent. Its chemical name is (R)-[(2S,4S,5R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-yl](6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol sulfate. The CAS number for quinine sulfate is 6119-70-6. Quinine sulfate works by interfering with the growth and reproduction of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium. It is often used in combination with other antimalarial drugs to enhance its effectiveness and prevent the development of resistance. Quinine sulfate can be administered orally or intravenously depending on the severity of the infection. Aside from its antimalarial properties, quinine sulfate also exhibits muscle relaxant properties, which has led to its use in the treatment of muscle cramps and spasms. However, its use in this regard is limited, and other medications are generally preferred due to the potential side effects and toxicity associated with quinine sulfate. Common side effects of quinine sulfate include nausea, headache, dizziness, and ri -
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Artemisinin, with the CAS number 63968-64-9, is a naturally occurring compound derived from the plant Artemisia annua, also known as sweet wormwood or annual wormwood. It is a sesquiterpene lactone with a unique chemical structure and possesses antimalarial properties. Artemisinin has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine as a treatment for fever and malaria. However, its full potential as an effective antimalarial drug was realized in the 1970s by Chinese scientist Tu Youyou, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015 for her work on artemisinin. This pharmaceutical substance works by interacting with iron and forming reactive oxygen species inside the malaria parasite, leading to its destruction. As a result, artemisinin and its derivatives are considered first-line treatments for uncomplicated malaria, particularly for chloroquine-resistant strains. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are currently recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as -
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Pyronaridine, also known as pyronaridine tetraphosphate or as the pharmaceutical substance "Pyronaridine," is a synthetic antimalarial drug that is used for the treatment and prevention of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. It is classified as a member of the antimalarial class of drugs. The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number for pyronaridine is 74847-35-1. It is formulated as a tetraphosphate salt, which enhances its stability and bioavailability. Pyronaridine works by targeting various stages of the malarial parasite's lifecycle, inhibiting its growth and reproduction within the human body. It has a broad spectrum of activity against multiple drug-resistant strains of malaria and is considered highly efficacious. As a pharmaceutical substance, Pyronaridine is typically available in tablet form for oral administration. It may be used as a monotherapy or in combination with other antimalarial drugs, such as artesunate, to improve efficacy and reduce the risk of drug resistan -
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Product Name: Mefloquine CAS Number: 53230-10-7 Mefloquine is a pharmaceutical substance that belongs to the antimalarial drug class. It is an effective treatment for malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. With a CAS number of 53230-10-7, Mefloquine is known for its ability to prevent and treat malaria, primarily in areas where the disease is resistant to other antimalarial drugs. As a pharmaceutical substance, Mefloquine acts by inhibiting the growth of the malaria parasite within the human body. It disrupts the parasite's ability to replicate and spread, ultimately leading to its destruction. This mechanism of action makes Mefloquine an essential medication for the prevention and treatment of malaria. In addition to its efficacy against malaria, Mefloquine also exhibits some immunosuppressive properties, which may aid in reducing the severity of malaria symptoms. The medication is typically administered orally in tablet form. However, it's important to note that Mefloquine may pro -
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Tafenoquine is a pharmaceutical substance with the name tafenoquine and CAS number 106635-80-7. It is an antimalarial drug used for the prevention and treatment of malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax parasites. Tafenoquine belongs to the class of drugs known as 8-aminoquinolines and works by interfering with the growth and reproduction of the parasites. Tafenoquine is primarily used as a prophylactic treatment for individuals traveling to areas where P. vivax malaria is endemic. It is also used as a radical cure for patients diagnosed with P. vivax malaria to prevent relapse. Tafenoquine is administered orally in tablet form, and its long half-life allows for less frequent dosing compared to other antimalarial drugs. Although tafenoquine has proven to be effective against P. vivax malaria, it may cause some adverse effects. Common side effects include headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. In rare cases, it can cause hemolytic anemia or severe psychiatric symptoms, such as anxiety and dep -
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Name: Pyrimethamine CAS number: 58-14-0 Pyrimethamine is a pharmaceutical substance that belongs to the class of antiparasitic drugs. It is primarily used in the prevention and treatment of malaria infections caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Pyrimethamine is a white crystalline powder that is odorless and insoluble in water. As a pharmaceutical substance, pyrimethamine acts by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is essential for the synthesis of pyrimidine, a building block of DNA in parasites like Plasmodium. By interfering with this enzyme, pyrimethamine disrupts the production of DNA and RNA, ultimately leading to the death of the parasite. Pyrimethamine is usually administered orally in tablet form or as an injectable solution. The dosage and duration of treatment may vary depending on the severity of the infection and the patient's age and weight. It is often prescribed in combination with other antimalarial drugs, such as sulfadoxine, to enhance its effectiveness and prevent the deve -
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Primaquine is a pharmaceutical substance commonly used in the treatment and prevention of malaria. Its chemical name is 8-[(4-Amino-1-methylbutyl)amino]-6-methoxyquinoline. The CAS number for primaquine is 90-34-6. This medication belongs to the class of 8-aminoquinolines and is known for its efficacy against Plasmodium parasites, the causative agents of malaria. Primaquine works by interfering with the DNA and RNA synthesis of the parasite, thereby inhibiting its ability to reproduce and spread throughout the body. It is often used in combination with other antimalarial drugs to provide a comprehensive approach to the treatment and prevention of malaria. -
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Lumefantrine, with CAS number 82186-77-4, is a pharmaceutical substance used primarily in the treatment of malaria. It is a synthetic antimalarial agent that belongs to the artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) class of drugs. Lumefantrine is commonly combined with another antimalarial drug called artemether to form a highly effective treatment for uncomplicated malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Lumefantrine works by inhibiting the growth and replication of the malaria parasite within the red blood cells. It targets the parasite's mitochondrial electron transport chain, leading to disruption of its energy metabolism and ultimately causing its death. The drug is administered orally in tablet form and is generally well-tolerated, with a favorable safety profile. Due to the emergence of artemisinin resistance in some regions, lumefantrine has become an essential component in the fight against malaria. The combination therapy of lumefantrine and artemether has proven to be highly effective, providi
